College Fraternities Essay Thesis Example For Students

School Fraternities Essay Thesis School FraternitiesCollege brotherhoods have consistently struck me similar to an association ofguys who invest their energy drinking lager and having their social gatherings(parties). Simply moving to Austin as of late (which is by no uncertainty a collegecity) has made me need to find out about the sole reason for thesefraternities. Therefore I decided to choose this culture for my exposition. The meaning of a brotherhood is characterized as mainly socialorganization of male undergrads, typically assigned by Greek letters. (Morris 1982:523) This definition isn't consistent with all where most fraternitymembers are viewed as alcoholics who achieve nothing educationally or socially . Tragically, the definition and depiction of the individuals neglects to make reference to thefact that enrollment in a clique is a deep rooted experience that assists itsmembers with creating social, hierarchical, and study abilities, and furthermore educates true,everlasting kinship. Truly the vast majority of our leaders weremembers of a Greek association. The primary society was established for scholarly and social purposes atThe College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia on December fifth 1776.(Klepper 1937:24) Throughout the nineteenth century numerous new organizations werefounded, however none of these were changeless. Before the finish of the nineteenth centurythere were more than thirty general clubs in the nation. Todays brotherhoods despite everything have the attributes of past societies. These attributes incorporate a custom, vows of constancy, a hold, a proverb, abadge , kinship and comradeship (Klepper 1937:56) . During enrollment onemust learn initiative aptitudes. Therefore crews grasp theseoffices held by individuals: President, Vice-president, Treasurer, Scribe, and so on. Since enrollment is viewed as an incredible accomplishment by different associations, everybrother must have the option to maintain that office whenever. Association is an unquestionable requirement for each part. Raising support exercises andcommunity administration are need in each section, and every part is requiredto participate in these exercises as a demonstration of vow, and a sibling. Thishelps a part to create association and arranging. Living respectively in what isknown as a club house adds to the advancement of social aptitudes and beingable to live with various types of individuals in various circumstances. Cliques are celebrated for their get-togethers (parties) which requiresall individuals to be socially dynamic and furthermore create social abilities. It is typical for cliques to sort out investigation bunches during the schoolyear and before tests. Most organizations keep test records and other examination aidsavailable to support their individuals. A great deal of individuals are capable toreceive grants and grants dependent on scholastic greatness, authority andpersonal accomplishment, this assists individuals with building a superior confidence. It is regular for crew individuals to remain dynamic after graduatingfrom school . It is a constructive encounter for the alumni part to keep incontact with new and old individuals from his section There is no preferable method to keepyoung over to connect with youngsters. (Abramson 1995) The number ofalumni can extend from two or three dozen to a few thousand. There is an unmistakable feelingof comradeship inside the society as well as between all individuals ofGreek associations. In a field investigation of the Tau Epsilon Phi club from FloridaInternational University, Brian Abramson found that you can discover a catologue ofservices which that association accommodates the advantage of the greatercommunity through assistance ventures it leads each semester. Each fraternityhas its own uncommon open assistance ventures. For instance Tau Epsilon Phiparticipates in Bowling for Kids Sake each spring, a convention that beganseveral years prior. To keep the sentiment of fellowship each part should betrustworthy and have the option to confide in each one else, which makes the security ofbrotherhood even stronger.(Abramson 1995)Unfortunately many individuals neglect organizations due to the ever-present bits of gossip about right of passage. Inception is an activity taken or circumstance createdintentionally to deliver mental and additionally physical distress, emberassment,harassment, or ridicule.(Fraternity Executive Commission 1937) While someorganizations may deci de to murkiness and mortify the individuals who attempt to surge them,that is not the slightest bit an exact depiction everything being equal. (Nykolaizsyn:1996:48) Hegoes on to bring up that Greek life isn't just about celebrating and drinking ,it enables work to character, confidence, and life-friendships(Nykolaizsyn:1996:12)

Faulkners Light in August - Themes :: Light August Essays

Light in August - Themes  1. Bigotry  The Southern worry with racial personality is one of Light in August's focal topics. At the point when individuals believe that Joe Christmas has even a hint of dark family, they treat him totally uniquely in contrast to the manner in which they treat white individuals. A considerable lot of the characters in Light in August appear to be bent by their distraction with race. Joe Christmas, Joanna Burden, Nathaniel Burden, Doc Hines, and, at last, Percy Grimm are among these. However, even a considerable lot of the characters who don't share this madness expect that treating blacks brutally is satisfactory. The Jefferson sheriff, Watt Kennedy, appears to be an average man, yet he whips an arbitrarily picked dark in a cross examination that was pointless in any case.  2. THE SOUTHERN PAST   Two of Light in August's five significant characters live in the shadow of their dead progenitors. In any case, you could decipher their connection to these progenitors in various manners. From one perspective, you could highlight an example of decay and state that the present doesn't satisfy the gallant long stretches of days of old. Then again, you could state that the issues of the current originate from an inability to shake off the difficult hold of the past. Here is the manner by which you could contend each perspective.  a. The Heroic Past  Gail Hightower's granddad was a strong admirer of life, and his dad was an aide of his kindred individuals. However, Hightower bombs the two his significant other and his assemblage and spends an incredible remainder cut off from others.  Despite the fact that Joanna Burden's ancestors were not initially from the South, their displacement to Jefferson makes them part of the Souths history as well. Also, as Gail Hightower, Joanna thinks about gravely to both her dad and granddad. They were defiant drifters and incredible family men. She invests the greater part of her energy in her home, feels yearning to go home at whatever point she leaves Jefferson, and never weds or has kids.  b. The Burdensome Past  Gail Hightower's issues come from his fixation on his granddad, who was not by any means worth this love. All things considered, he kicked the bucket taking chickens. Moreover, Joanna Burden is the survivor of the harsh religion and belittling bigotry that her dad encouraged her and that he gained from his dad before him.

College Application Essay Dos and Donts

College Application Essay Dos and Donts College Essay DOs and DONTs College Essay DOs and DONTs What should  and should not be included in a college essay? What rules can and cant you break? And what will or wont  allow you to maximize your productivity as you tackle this daunting task? So many questions, right? Thats why we put together a list of our top DOs and DONTs for the essay writing process. DO take a look! DO give yourself enough time. Some students work well under tight deadlines, but we always suggest you start the essay writing process early enough to spend ample time brainstorming, free-writing, drafting and perfecting. You will need distance and time away from various stages of your draft in order to gain the necessary perspective it takes to make improvements. While many a student has regretted starting their essay the week (or night!) before it was due, we dont know anyone who complained about starting his/her essay too early. DONT plagiarize. This one should hopefully go without saying. Not only does plagiarism reflect poorly on your character, chances are copying someone elses words verbatim (or close enough) will not result in an essay that is reflective of your distinctive personality traits and writing style.  Believe in your own abilities and create work that is yours and yours alone. DO be honest. You are awesome (yes, you). Many of  your  experiences, when discussed honestly and thoughtfully are absolutely worthy of inclusion in a personal statement. Even if you dont have kooky, out-of-the-box stories to tell, sincerity counts for a lot in an essay that aims to say something about your personality and values. You dont need to make things up or exaggerate your circumstances. You are enough. Also, liars get caught. DONT exceed length limit. Attention to detail! An arguably annoying, yet critically important skill that will be relevant in almost any task you tackle in the future. Start this next phase of your life right by paying attention to the length limit. Many applications help you with this detail by providing word-limiting boxes in which you will paste your beautifully written masterpieces. But for those that dont beware! Double and triple check these details before submission. DO respond to the prompt. You may have that really great story you want to tell, but if no ones asking for it, writing it wont do you any good.  That said, we find that a wide range of stories, with just a bit of tweaking, can be molded to fit within the boundaries of the Common Application personal statement prompts. Let us know if you need help adapting your chosen subject to the Common App questions. Weve helped many a student in  the story/prompt matching game.  Thats what were here for! DONT use cliches or overuse idioms. Cliches in college essays get us all bent out of shape. Think you cant crack the nut of the personal statement without using these over-worn phrases? We dont buy it. Whenever you find yourself recording a phrase off this list, dig deeper. We know you have it in you! Also, tell your story simply and directly. If you dont idioms in your everyday  speech, dont try to squeeze  them into your essay. DO take breaks. Breaks are essential for generating creativity and keeping yourself from getting burned out. Taking regular breaks will keep you on schedule, but dont take too many! Too many breaks in a row stop being breaks and start being procrastination. DONT rely on spell check. Spell check catches a lot, but not everything. It wont catch homophones (the famous your/youre pair, for example) but admissions officers sure will. Plus, giving yourself the chance to proofread in-depth will also allow you yet another chance to make sure you like the way your essay  flows. DO write about things other than your accomplishments. An essay in resume form is not the best use of your essay space. You can list all the great things youve done in other places in the application. Use your essay for reflection, showcasing humor, talking about your passions anything that isnt already reflected on your activity sheet. DONT stress out. Stress helped cavemen flee lions, but it may hurt you more than help you when writing your essay. Take a deep breath. Know that one hundred percent of students we speak to, even if they are scared at first, complete their college admissions essays. And call us if you need us. We can help alleviate some of the stress of this process. Dare we even suggest that we make it fun? About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Ready to get started? Give College Essay Academy a Try. WATCH CHAPTER 1 FOR FREE »

Why Should I Start Exercising - 1599 Words

Why Should I Start Exercising? By Ed Hanada | Submitted On February 05, 2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Are you new to exercising? Have you tried to exercise to lose weight or to get fit and then you stopped because of the barriers that you put up that sabotaged your well-intentioned efforts? I was once a newbie too, and I had a long list of excuses that I would go through, one by one, until I was convinced that the benefits of doing A, B,†¦show more content†¦You may have children with busy schedules too (soccer practice, music lessons, homework that needs your input), or you might do a lot of volunteer work, or it might be that you don t know how to start a type of activity that can give you a good enough workout in the little time that you have. You may also live in a building or area that doesn t have a gym or area to work out in. You might have some achiness in your joints or back that you are afraid might get worse if you start to exercise again. Most likely, you might have a combination of the above. Believe me, I know all of these barriers too well and I have used every one of them to hijack my own efforts in getting fit. However, there is no better time to start exercising to get fit than RIGHT NOW! The barriers might seem too numerous to count and often seem insurmountable, but the short-term and the long-term benefits are absolutely HUGE! Let me explain how exercise can change your life for the better. The Benefits! (with a capital B and an exclamation mark!) 1. Body With exercise, your body will thank you with a big Ahhhhhhhh! I needed that! You will look and feel younger with regular exercise, and this is largely due to all of the positive changes that regular activity will do for your body. You will have improved your heart function, and lowered your blood pressure and bad

The Little-Known Secrets to Video Game Essay Topics

The Little-Known Secrets to Video Game Essay Topics Essays are normally not very long, therefore it's not surprising that teachers would assign a great deal of them to write. Visiting academic centers is also wise because you're able to get expert help on any academic paper there. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Top Video Game Essay Topics Secrets Our example essay may also help you to understand how to use various style of writing. Our example essay writers have adequate skills in research and have access to the most current research materials and thus you can be guaranteed to find the essay you're looking for in our database. You may be having essay topics that are hard to research or that require research materials which aren't readily offered. Getting access to our example essays is quite uncomplicated and very affordable. The 2 points of video game literacy shall be discussed, together with my stand concerning the matter, in these paragraphs. Thousands of students visit our websites to create use of our example essays due to the standing of our site. Some students also hire academic writing organizations to compose their papers to boost the prospect of earning the maximum score. With traditional class discussions, just a few students are actively participating per question and students have to sit for long stretches of time. Thus, the adverse effects related to distinct kinds of violence depicted in video games shouldn't be taken for granted. Mental health is improved with the aid of video gaming. Firstly, among the big concerns of video games is they increase the essence of violence among the youth. Many modern video games feature elevated levels of cognitive procedure and so ought to be implemented in the classroom. The development of video games has been a wonderful journey. The video game business is competitive and concentrated on the bottom-line. The content of the game is the big issue. When it regards the teens and kids who play video games, they think that it's a very fun experience. If a kid is spending almost all of his time in video gaming then he will surely be get socially isolated. They may actually develop high-level mindset and thinking that they will surely need in future just because of the video games. On the flip side, some individuals, even though they already know a number of the positive facets of video games, still feel that the negative will overcome the positive ones. Unprescendented things are likely to happen for the gaming world, there isn't any doubt that video games will continue to secure much better year after year. It is possible to also utilize video games as a superior bonding mode by means of your family since they'll have something to share in common. There are several people who think that should you play a whole lot of video games, you will become antisocial. Post Voting Period Fallout 76 alone is a very good game I think that fallout 76 is a great game. In my opinion, these games are a manner of teaching children and possibly even kids that are permitted to purchase these games that terrorism and killing is fine. Violent video games may make people think that conflict is the sole resolution to impending troubles. It's possible to play with different people as you wish and it's an incredibly beautiful game. There are several different activities that may be utilized to teach various skills for communicating with other people. You also mention that you've a background in marketing. Seasoned players are extremely effectual in multitasking, as they can pay attention to a number of details at the identical time, without being confused. Make your very first order at the moment and find the help you need whenever possible.

Poop Free Essays

Proposition Number six in California: what did it say? How was it decided? Rights from working in public schools in California. It was not passed due to the support of Harvey Milk, Pres. Carter, and other gay activists who argued for that act. We will write a custom essay sample on Poop or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4. Why did Dan White resign? Why wasn’t he allowed back? Dan White resigned because the salary he was receiving was not enough to support his family. Also found politics to be corrupt and unethical. He was not allowed back because of his arguments with Harvey Milk and other politicians. 5. How do you feel about the public response to Milk’s and Anemone’s murder? I believe the protestors had every right to gather in silence and try to accept what had happened to such great politicians. I completely agree with that one old women that was interviewed on the street that said â€Å"l am a very old women, and I do not want to be around when Dan comes out. I feel as though the protestors were so full of anger with the murders that the violent acts were almost inevitable. I feel as though they did need a way to grieve, but burning police cars took it a little too far, and people got hurt. 6. What happened in the trial of Dan White? Dan White said that he was not planning on killing anyone that day, although he had a gun in his pocket, extra bullets, and went through the window into the building. He also used the â€Å"Twinkle Defense† that he had consumed so much Junk food causing him to do such horrible things. He was sentenced for 5 years in prison for man slaughter. How to cite Poop, Papers

Technology affects educations Essay Example For Students

Technology affects educations Essay How Technology Effects Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the Internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Todays networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practice new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer based communications, or Telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. We will write a custom essay on Technology affects educations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Computers have made a fundamental impact in most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded in such a way in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in distance education through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances, face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested and fascinated with learning. Not only does the Internet and video conferencing help education, but new programs designed for educational purposes are being developed. Dictionaries, encyclopedias and atlases that a student can access from his own computer can be a definite advantage. For example, instead of looking for a particular country and simply finding out where it is in a regular atlas, that can type in the name of that country, and not only will they find out where it is faster, but they will obtain more information about that particular country. Instead of having volumes and volumes of heavy encyclopedias, technology has enabled companies to place all of these massive books onto one small CD. This CD is much simpler than the unpleasant job of flipping page by page just to read about an uninteresting topic, such as history. Writing reports on a type-writer was a displeasing method to write term papers; especially if that student runs out of white-out. Certain programs offer a spell-checker, thesaurus, and other helpful features, which make writing that term-paper easier. These particular programs are only a few of the educational resources available to students. Most educational boards should be open to any new idea that technology has to offer. It would not be fair for a student in a particular city to receive a better education than another student in a different city. Technology is not meant to replace teachers, but is there to serve students to make tedious tasks easier. Therefore, this technology should be available to every student, wherever they may live. In doing this, it not only needs the support of teachers and educators, but it also requires support from communities. However, technology can not work by itself. Teachers must take a position in designing a tech-powered classroom curriculum, devoting time to become familiar with the new available resources. Technology can also improve writing with the use of new word processing programs that provide easy to use tools that are not normally available in the classroom. Technology is able to help students in a variety of ways. By making learning more enjoyable, students will want to learn and will not see education as such a difficult responsibility. . Technology affects educations Essay Example For Students Technology affects educations Essay How Technology Effects Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the Internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Todays networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practice new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer based communications, or Telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. We will write a custom essay on Technology affects educations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Computers have made a fundamental impact in most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded in such a way in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in distance education through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances, face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested and fascinated with learning. Not only does the Internet and video conferencing help education, but new programs designed for educational purposes are being developed. Dictionaries, encyclopedias and atlases that a student can access from his own computer can be a definite advantage. For example, instead of looking for a particular country and simply finding out where it is in a regular atlas, that can type in the name of that country, and not only will they find out where it is faster, but they will obtain more information about that particular country. Instead of having volumes and volumes of heavy encyclopedias, technology has enabled companies to place all of these massive books onto one small CD. This CD is much simpler than the unpleasant job of flipping page by page just to read about an uninteresting topic, such as history. Writing reports on a type-writer was a displeasing method to write term papers; especially if that student runs out of white-out. Certain programs offer a spell-checker, thesaurus, and other helpful features, which make writing that term-paper easier. These particular programs are only a few of the educational resources available to students. Most educational boards should be open to any new idea that technology has to offer. It would not be fair for a student in a particular city to receive a better education than another student in a different city. Technology is not meant to replace teachers, but is there to serve students to make tedious tasks easier. Therefore, this technology should be available to every student, wherever they may live. In doing this, it not only needs the support of teachers and educators, but it also requires support from communities. However, technology can not work by itself. Teachers must take a position in designing a tech-powered classroom curriculum, devoting time to become familiar with the new available resources. Technology can also improve writing with the use of new word processing programs that provide easy to use tools that are not normally available in the classroom. Technology is able to help students in a variety of ways. By making learning more enjoyable, students will want to learn and will not see education as such a difficult responsibility. .

Inflecting OK

Inflecting OK Inflecting OK Inflecting OK By Maeve Maddox A reader stumbled on the word OKing in the following: Owners of eight rooftop clubs abutting Wrigley Field sued to overturn city approval of the $375 million plan to rebuild the aging ballpark, saying the city broke its own rules in OKing the plan and effectively deprived them of their property rights without due process. After a moment, the reader figured out that OKing was the present participle inflection of OK. NOTE: an inflection is a variation in the spelling of a word to indicate a change in case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, voice, or comparison. OK is inflected as both a noun and a verb. As a noun, OK is used in the plural as well as in the singular. As a verb, it is inflected to show person, number, and tense. A glance at usage in various publications quickly shows disagreement as to how to spell and inflect this indispensable word: Noun: Judge gives her preliminary  OK Is it Okay for My Cat to Have Milk? Get the estimates, then notify the receivers for  their OKs. We soon had inspectors come and give the house all of  their ok’s  and ratings. Verb (Past Tense): Highlights of gun  bill OK’d  by Massachusetts House   Bill delaying plans to move disabled from institutions OKed by NJ Assembly Cyber Bill okayed by US Senate committee; faces uphill struggle Verb (Present Participle): U.S. heading toward OKing more ‘Roundup-Ready’ genetically engineered farm acreage EPA rules on sulfur in gasoline, okaying guns in Indiana school parking lots What help do the authorities offer? The Chicago Manual of Style does not include a rule in any of its numbered sections for spelling or inflecting OK, but it does use the spelling OK in some of its examples. And in its question and answer feature, an editor declares that okay is a standard â€Å"equal variant† of OK. Three of my dictionaries–the OED, Merriam-Webster (M-W), and the Australian Concise Oxford (OA)–show OK as the preferred spelling and okay as an acceptable alternative. My Oxford Canadian Current English (OCC) gives okay as the main entry and OK as an alternative spelling. Here is their take on the inflections of OK as a verb: OED: Present participle OKing or OKing; past tense and past participle OKed, OK-ed, OKed. M-W: OKd or okayed; OKd or okayed; OKing or okaying; OKs or okays OA: OK’s, OK’d, OK’ing OCC: okays or OK’s, okayed or OK’d, okaying or OK’ing Finally, The AP Stylebook does not mess about with alternatives. Here’s the AP rule on inflections for the verb OK: OK, OK’d, OK’ing, OKs. Do not use okay. Bottom line: If you have a stylebook, follow it. If you have a choice, choose the inflected forms that make the most sense to you. Having made your choice, be consistent. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsWhat's a Male Mistress?Honorary vs. Honourary

Voiced vs. Voiceless Consonants

Voiced vs. Voiceless Consonants Phoneticists (who study the sound of the human voice) divide consonants into two types: voiced and voiceless. Voiced consonants require the use of the vocal cords to produce their signature sounds; voiceless consonants do not. Both types use the breath, lips, teeth, and upper palate to further modify speech. This guide presents the differences between voiced and voiceless consonants and gives you some tips for using them. ThoughtCo / Jaime Knoth Voiced Consonants Your vocal cords, which are actually mucous membranes, stretch across the larynx at the back of the throat. By tightening and relaxing as you speak, the vocal cords modulate the flow of breath expelled from the lungs. An easy way to determine whether a consonant is voiced or not is to place a finger on your throat. As you pronounce a letter, feel the vibration of your vocal cords. If you feel a vibration the consonant is a voiced one. These are the voiced consonants: B, D, G, J, L, M, N, Ng, R, Sz, Th  (as in the word then), V, W, Y, and Z. But if consonants are only single letters, what are Ng, Sz, and Th? Theyre common sounds that are produced by blending the two consonants phonetically. Here are some examples of words that include voiced consonants: traveledglovesshellsstartedchangedwheelsliveddreamsexchangedglobesphoneslistenedorganized Voiceless Consonants Voiceless consonants do not use the vocal cords to produce their hard, percussive sounds. Instead, theyre slack, allowing air to flow freely from the lungs to the mouth, where the tongue, teeth, and lips engage to modulate the sound. These are the voiceless consonants: Ch, F, K, P, S, Sh, T, and Th  (as in thing). Common words using them include: washedcoatswatchedbooksseatsdroppedcarts Vowels Vowel sounds (A, E, I, O, U) and diphthongs  (combinations of two vowel sounds) are all voiced. That also includes the letter Y when pronounced like a long E. Examples: city, pity, gritty. Changing Voice When consonants are put in groups, they can change the vocal quality of the consonant that follows. A great example is the past simple form of regular verbs. You can recognize these verbs because they end in ed. However, the consonant sound of this ending can change from voiced to voiceless, depending on the consonant or vowel that precedes it. In almost all cases, the E is silent. Here are the rules: If the ed is preceded by a voiceless consonant such as K, it should be pronounced as a voiceless T. Examples: parked, barked, markedIf the ed is preceded by a voiced consonant sound such as B or V, it should be pronounced as a voiced D. Examples: robbed, thrived, shovedIf the ed is preceded by a vowel sound, it should be pronounced as a voiced D  because vowels are always voiced. Examples: freed, fried, liedException: If the ed is preceded by T, it should be pronounced a voiced id sound. In this case, the e is pronounced. Examples: dotted, rotted, plotted This pattern can also be found with plural forms. If the consonant preceding the S is voiced, the S will be pronounced phonetically as a Z. Examples: chairs, machines, bags If the consonant preceding the S is voiceless, then the S also will be pronounced as a voiceless consonant. Examples: bats, parks, pipes. Connected Speech When speaking in sentences, the ending consonant sounds can change based on the following words. This is often referred to as connected speech. Here is an example of a change from a voiced B in the word club to a voiceless P because of the voiced T in to of the following word: We went to the club to meet some friends. Here is an example of a change from a voiced D past simple verb changed to voiceless T: We played tennis yesterday afternoon.

Management research assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management research assignment - Essay Example The main objective of this paper according to the writers is to analyze various dimensions of educational validity of business gaming simulation that would be possible through the proposed research methodology framework. Thus the beginning part of the paper, specifically the abstract and introduction clearly indicates the background of the study they conducted. Research methodology is described, which as mentioned above is unique for its approach. According to Stainton, Johnson & Borodzicz (2010 p. 705), as a research method, they have relied on the ‘total enterprise simulation’. They further make clear that unlike the past, an effective research methodology is essential to analyze the business gaming simulation because the assessment of validity is an ongoing process; and therefore, it has to be viewed from an educational perspective. Researchers make a detailed review of available literature to form rather an authentic conclusion. According to them, design, implementat ion, and validity are the two most significant aspects associated with this research framework. Furthermore, the facilitator plays a crucial role in assisting learners to determine what to view, reflect, and learn. As far as the design is concerned, the factors associated with it involve, designer’s ability and perception, the significance of maintaining the sensible aspects of simulation etc. For instance, exaggeration or generalization of the difficulties of the real facts may occur if the designers’ perceptions flaw. Hence, according to the researchers, design plays a very important role in determining the quality of business gaming simulation. They further attribute the success of the implementation phase to the ‘learning by doing’ strategy which is based on the real life examples and problem solving. According to the writers, by following this method, with the help of a facilitator who would give training and motivation students will learn how to assi milate experiences with the given problem and their acquired knowledge. Thus, the writers come up with a more reasonable strategy for the effective implementation of a simulation. In order for answering the absence of an appropriate strategy for validating simulation, the researchers propose their own methodology that spreads across every phase of its process including design, implementation, and validation. According to them, education validity should involve the ‘internal educational validity, external educational validity, and external representational validity’ (Stainton, Johnson, and Borodzicz, 2010, p. 710). In order to understand these variables one should go through their concept of each form of validity. As they describe, internal education validity refers to participants’ understanding of their business outcome; whereas, external educational validity indicates participants’ ability to assimilate the real life experience with the simulation. And t hirdly, representational validity is evident if the simulation alters the participants’ attitude. In other words, these theoretical explanations refer to three things; 1) convince the participants of their business environment and roles (internal educational validity), 2) makes them understand how to relate the real life environment and simulation (external educational validity), and 3) makes participants able cope up with the real environment (representational v

Academic English Writing in Bioscience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic English Writing in Bioscience - Essay Example This paper seeks to address both good and bad factors that have arisen from organ donation. The body organs that are usually considered for donation include hearts, kidneys, lungs, livers, and the pancreas. Body tissues that are donated include skin, corneas, connective tissues, bone, and blood vessels. According to (Tilney, 2003:137), â€Å"the donation of a liver, heart, pancreas, and lungs can only take place if the donor is brain dead. The donation of body tissues like skin, bone, and corneas, on the other hand, can take place in spite of age as well as with any fatal outcome.† In the last decade, there are some factors that have increased the number of organ transplant that have been successfully carried out. These include: 3) The creation of improved methods for the maintenance of donor organs after their surgical removal. According to (Bramstedt and Down, 2011:61), there was a five percent increase in the total number of organ transplants carried out in 2010 in the United Kingdom compared to the previous year. This amounted to 3706 people receiving new organs. More transplant centres were also started in the major hospitals. According to (Bramstedt and Down, 2011:94) doctors felt more prepared to take on additional transplant cases because of the improvement of technologies that preserve the state of the organs when in transit to the recipient. On one hand, organ donation gives another person who was close to death a chance to live. Supporters of organ transplants point out that extending life to another person is the noblest thing that any human can do. On the other hand, as (Schwartz, 2005:58) states, the opponents of organ donation have in the past pointed out that organ donation operations are fraught with risks for the donor. This is not something that is often spoken about. According to (Schwartz, 2005:76), â€Å"as a half of all liver donors usually have to deal with complications like more surgical

Reflective Essay on Developing Care Skills

Reflective Essay on Developing Care Skills Part B Value 1 : Caring One of the values that I had learnt is caring. Caring meant concern about others. Caring for others starts from taking initiative to approach people with sincerity, care for them, to know them and care for their feelings. If everybody in this world does not care about each other, they will become selfish and do not have friends. Therefore, we must care for each other, so that everyone in every corner of the world is able to feel the warmth. As a future nurse, I must be more caring for my patients. I should not only be concerned about the diseases on the patients, but also concerned about psychological reactions of the patients. I believe that one warm word, a gentle attitude, a friendly expression can encourage patients to speak out the truth and this may facilitate the nurses to find out patients’ psychological problems. By this, I believe that I can understand my patients very well. During my Primary 3, I always asked my classmates why they did not want to make friend with me and they told me I was very selfish and arrogant. I knew that they always bad- mouthed about me. I knew the reason, but I did not bother it. I was so stubborn and did not want to change it. For me, I thought that it was not my fault. I blamed them for ignoring my feeling. In childhood, I was this kind of person, a very rebellious person. Time to time, I realized that I was quite lonely. At this time, I was very upset. Consequently, I told my dad about my problem. My dad was listening to my complaint patiently and he even did not scold me. He just smiled and told me I must change my attitude towards people around me. He wanted me to imagine the feeling if I have a friend with a bad attitude like me. He also told me that people will treat us for what we had done for them. He wanted me to be more caring about others’ feelings. I agreed to what he said. From that time, I just realized th at how bad I was. I did not want to continue to be like that anymore. I want to change! I want to be a caring person. I must care about people’s feelings. My dad and my classmates had changed me. After changing the attitude, I gained back my friends. The happiness was beyond description. Till today, I am still very grateful to them. Without them, I think I was still behaving like what I had done before. Value 2 : Responsible Another value that I had learnt is responsible. Responsible meant to complete the duty with a high spirit. Someone who is responsible will not make any excuses. In any case, we will always be faced with several factors beyond our control and irresponsible people tend to blame on these factors, take them as an excuse. To be a responsible people, we should make sure that we do not go the same way. As a future nurse, I must be responsible to my patient. By this, I must fully grasp my patient’s condition, care and treatment. Be a responsible nurse, I must closely observe patient’s symptoms and signs and identify changes in the disease as well as provide an effective intervention for medical diagnosis. I must not only alleviate the suffering of the patient, but also obtain the patients trust, give the patient a sense of security. It was happening during my secondary school time. It was still fresh in my memory. He is the one whom I admired the most. He is just a cleaner, but his spirit cannot get out of my mind. I truly admired his hardworking from my bottom heart. He had given me a deep impression until today I still cannot forget him. The first time I saw him was on the way going home from school. I still remembered it was raining cat and dog that day. People on the street all dressed in a raincoat and hurried home under the umbrella. At this time, I saw a huge rubbish heap next to my house. There was a man standing there. â€Å"Who is in there? It was raining heavily. It should not be a cleaner at there, right? † I mumble. With questions, I walked past. I cannot believe that I saw an uncle with a dusty face, wearing a tattered raincoat. He was very carefully cleaning up the rubbish. I was surprised by his action. I had never seen a cleaner still working in the heavy rain before. â€Å"Uncle, why ar e you still working in the heavy rain? You can do it tomorrow. Why are you working so hard?† I asked him. â€Å"No, I am just unhappy if I do not clean it by today. Then, there will be more bacteria growing and it was smelly as well as affecting our health.† he answered. This time, I was stunned. He was very responsible in his job. Since then, I have never seen him, but his spirit had inspired me to be a responsible person. Part C During my life journey, I had learnt the value of caring. I learnt I should care about my health. Health is the valuable asset. For having a healthy lifestyle, I must care about my eating habits. First of all, I must eat at least two servings of vegetables and one serving of fruits every day. Eating more vegetables and fruits can gain vitamins, strengthen the immune system and even reduce the chance of illness. On the other hand, breakfast is the most important meal, if we do not eat breakfast, we will lack of energy for the day and over time it will be harmful to the body. Moreover, a snack is a big killer. Snack contains much of salts, sugar and chemical components which may cause a lot of problems to our body. I also must exercise at least twice a week in order to achieve the effect of exercise. I also had learnt the value of responsible. Be a responsible person, I do not smoke. Smoking is harmful to our health and it may even causes lung cancer and other diseases. Not only that, I also must have a good mind state to evaluate myself properly and deal with the pressures of my life. I must be an optimistic, cheerful and open-minded attitude to life. On the other hand, I must also set a target to establish good relationships with people around me and also actively participate in social activities. This will help me to maintain my mental balance. Furthermore, I also practice meditation every day. Meditation can promote blood circulation and even relieve the stress. It is a good way to make myself to calm down. Part D During my clinical attachment in Tan Tock Seng Hospital, I met a patient named Mr. Khoo. He is a Chinese and his dialect is Cantonese. He now aged 60. I am also a Cantonese. So, sometimes I spoke Cantonese with him. He was admitted to the hospital because of foot ulcers which was caused by diabetes mellitus. Before he was admitted to the hospital, he stayed in Ren Ci Community Hospital. His left leg was amputated. During our conversation throughout one week time, he had told me his life experience. He had suffered from diabetes for 5 years. He had eaten a lot of hypoglycemic drugs. He told me that he did not take care of his health condition since young. He liked to drink Coke. He basically did not do any exercises. Due to long-term work at the grassroots level and slept late, so he accustomed not to get up early in the morning. Due to sitting in the office for a whole day or business meetings, he basically did not participate in any sports. He also told me he liked to eat meat. Duri ng the past, he had always eaten lamb stew as his supper before going to sleep and he usually did not take his breakfast the next morning. Due to the long-term excessive meat, plus he did not like to eat vegetables, fruits, beans and his daily staple food are meat, so his weight in the past 10 years has severely excessive. He suffered from diabetes because of the previous living conditions. From his life experience, I noticed that healthy lifestyle plays a vital role in our life. (1419 words)

Effective resource allocation among the various economic systems Essay

Effective resource allocation among the various economic systems Introduction Efficient utilization of economic resources by different economic systems            An economic system is scenario whereby goods and services produced in a country or an entity and the resources within are distributed within the existing subsystems. The subsystems in this context entail the combination of agencies, entities and consumers that make an economic structure of a certain community. Or the various sub structures within an entity. The interlinking capacity within these subsystems is the one which makes information and resources to flow between them. One characteristic of a subsystem is the utilization of resources between the involved structures. Normally the inherent trait in resources is the fact that, they are scarce and as such efficiency is imperative for an economic system to survive with the little resources.            In an economic setting there are four defined factors of production, which are, land, capital, labor and entrepreneurship. All this factors have the quality of scarcity, and unless utilized effectively there is larking quality of disorganization within an economic system. The various economic systems in the world economy have their own way of utilizing these scarce resources. This essay will argue the characteristic of effective sharing of resources within command, free enterprise, mixed and transitional economies. Also the essay will argue on effective resource allocation in private and public sector initiative and also private finance initiatives.            In a capitalistic economy, the most crucial form of economic system is the free enterprise economy. This form of a system is free or rather shielded from government interference. The economy promotes free flow of ideas and implementation. This does not mean that the government is never involved when a situation calls. Hence it is a free enterprise regime where there is a minor possibility of government intervention. The inherent characteristic in this kind of a model is that, those who labor must gain. Ownership and creation of means of production is entirely left to the system. In this type the resource allocation is dictated by the market price. If an individual cannot afford it, then they cannot access the service or the product. Hence it is like a form of a system that favors those who can fit. Though it has the capacity to make economies grow fast and large, it is normally a case of survival for those who are fit (Harrison, 2002).            Contrasting that with a command economy, this type of a system has its factors of production controlled by the government. Therefore, planning is undertaken by the central government making it a planned economy. In this kind of an economy there are directives, rules, and laws to be followed. The bench mark is against a set target by the government. Governments that use this system do come up with a central plan upon which they base in order to allocate resources. Hence there is always a priority factor in resource allocation. To effectively allocate resources, the government simply identifies priority areas on which to allocate more resources than the non-priority areas. In command economies, there is a very efficient capacity to bring resources together. As such certain segments achieve much than others. A lot of one thing is normally produced and less of the other. This economy can utilize itself to come up with mega projects and spur innovation in areas that the government wants (Harrison, 2002).            In the real world though, many economies find it easier to utilize the capabilities of free enterprise and command economy to allocate resources. This creates a scenario of a mixed economy. Hence this mix brings in both the markets and government as the custodians of resource allocation. While markets depend much on living choices of the people, the government tries and force allocations. This happens through the use of taxes and regulations. Both the institutions utilize synergy and hence co exists between each other when it comes to resources allocation. There are instances where in a mixed economy; the markets are more dominant in resource allocation than the government and vice versa in other economies. Hence the mixed economy will tend to try and achieve equity while promoting economic growth at the same time. It is bringing the characteristics of both markets together to achieve positive efficiency in resource allocation (Nee, 1992).            An economy can find itself in need of shifting from a command system to a free market system. In such a scenario the economy finds itself in a unique situation of transition. Hence it gets involved in a transitional economy. Transition is changing from one form to another. Transitional economy, changes from command to free market hence initializing a form of liberalization in an economy. Hence it attempts to allow markets to allocate resources thorough pricing and the government lays back. In this type of an economy resources allocation change drastically, there is an element of government control, but an effort to support free market. Hence it is characterized by dropping of trade barriers and privatizations. It falls close to a mixed economy but outside the maturity of a mixed economy. Hence in this economy the government still dominates in resource allocation and direction. It is a work in progress format of a system (Lavigne, 2002).            Apart from the free markets system and command market existing, these economies can harbor other subsystems such as private finance initiatives or public private partnerships. These are entities whereby the public uses private sector to offer a certain service over a certain period under concessionary terms. Under this system this partnership utilizes resources by making a case for fair cost and transfer of risks to another party. This system effectively utilizes resources by spreading risks and looking for quality service that is offered by the government. Hence the government will take care of funds and the private sector takes care of the rest. In other instances the private solely finances the projects. This partnerships frees some resources to be utilized somewhere else, achieving resource efficiency (Buyya, 2002).            In conclusion all the types of economies have the capacity to effectively allocate resources. But the most efficient economy does not utilize one form of economic system. The best economies are those which utilize all the discussed economic systems above, apart from the transitional economy which is solely for countries that are shifting. References Harrison, M. (2002). Coercion, compliance, and the collapse of the Soviet command economy. The Economic History Review, 55(3), 397-433. Lavigne, M. (1995). The economics of transition: from socialist economy to market economy. London: Macmillan. Nee, V. (1992). Organizational dynamics of market transition: hybrid forms, property rights, and mixed economy in China. Administrative science quarterly, 37(1).Buyya, R., Abramson, D., Giddy, J., &Stockinger, H. (2002). Economic models for resource management and scheduling in grid computing. Concurrency and computation: practice and experience, 14(13†15), 1507-1542. Source document

The Wife Of Bath And Women s Rights Essay - 1948 Words

Being the most interesting character The Wife of Bath has a unique way of doing things and taking things in the matter of her own hands. She has had five different husbands and transparently confesses to wedding the larger part of them for their cash. The spouse has all the earmarks of being more blunt and free than most ladies of medieval circumstances, and has in this manner been thought to symbolize the reason for woman s rights; some even allude to her as the primary real women s activist character in writing. Perusers and researchers most likely contend for this thought on the grounds that in The Canterbury Stories, she interestingly gives her own knowledge and sentiments on how relations amongst men and ladies ought to be done. Likewise, the importance of her story is that for all intents and purposes all ladies need to be allowed control over themselves and their association with their spouses, which appears to persuade individuals that the Wife of Bath needs to be seen as som e kind of progressive women s activist of her time. This idea, however, is incorrect. The truth is that the Wife of Bath, or Alison, only affirms negative generalizations of ladies; she is tricky, unbridled, and undercover. She does next to nothing that is really engaging or progressive for ladies, however rather tries to enable herself by utilizing her body to pick up control over her different spouses. Within this paper, I am going to discuss the way Wife of Bath thinks, what she thinksShow MoreRelatedComparing Beowulf And The Wife Of Bath1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe Wife of Bath Tale: The Battle of the Sexes Women from the beginning of time have been determined to make their mark in the world of a so-called man s world. 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Even though it wasn’t normal for a woman to have dominance in society let alone a tale. The article even explained how the women went through by being widow. This prologue and tale showed us how women were able to change that and do so. InRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath And King Lear843 Words   |  4 Pagesroles have been defining women for centuries, however the women in both The Wife of Bath and King Lear violate just about every gender role of their time. The wife of Bath, Cordelia, Regan, and Goneril are all unapologetic head-strong, independent, powerful women. These women totally contrasted their literary peers of their time who were relatively submissive and docile, such as Queen Wealhtheow from Beowulf and Bertilak’s wife from Gawain and the Green Knight. The Wife of Bath herself follows no genderRead MoreChaucers The Canterbury Tales1381 Words   |  6 Pagesissues of the society including how women are treated. Pertaining to women’s role in the society, the Middle Ages was also considered a patriarchal society which is why in the tales, the author depicts the inequality that is resulting from this. Despite what many would think based on his writing, Chaucer is not a misogynist. Chaucer only shows the perception of women in his society with an indication of his feminist views as well. Looking back through history, women and men were treated differentlyRead MoreChaucer s The Man Of Law s Tale1269 Words   |  6 Pagessame decade when Chaucer likely wrote the Wife of Bath‘s Tale, England was going through a large political and social change. The high profile abduction and marriage of Sir Thomas West’s daughter, Eleanor, touched off a reform of statutory law regarding raptus, commonly referred to as the 1382 Statute of Rapes (Bovaird-Abbo). The law established patriarchal control over female sexuality by devaluing consent and de-emphasizing sexual assault (Edwards). The Wife begins her tale by depicting the goldenRead MoreThe Fight For Gender Equality Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are women? What are they? Are they serpents, wolves, lions, dragons, vipers or devouring beasts and enemies of the human race†¦. But by God! if they are your mothers, your sisters, your daughters, your wives and your companions; they are yourselves and you yourselves are them, (Akkerman 1). What are women? Better yet, how important are women? As important people, women play specific roles based on societal expectations and dictations. In the beginning, women were not seen as equal figures,Read MoreGender Stereotypes : Macbeth And The Wife Of Bath1515 Words   |  7 Pagesgender stereotypes still exist, although many women throughout the history had put their effort to lessen it. As the matter of fact, women often faced many obstacles due to the well-known gender stereotypes. 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Chinchilla Facts (C. chinchilla and C. lanigera)

The chinchilla is a South American rodent that has been hunted to near-extinction for its luxurious, velvety fur. However, one species of chinchilla was bred in captivity starting at the end of the 19th century. Today, domesticated chinchillas are kept as playful, intelligent pets. Fast Facts: Chinchilla Scientific Name: Chinchilla chinchilla and C. lanigeraCommon Name: ChinchillaBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 10-19 inchesWeight: 13-50 ouncesLifespan: 10 years (wild); 20 years (domestic)Diet: HerbivoreHabitat: Andes of ChilePopulation: 5,000Conservation Status: Endangered Species The two species of chinchilla are the short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla, formerly called C. brevicaudata) and the long-tailed chinchilla (C. lanigera). The short-tailed chinchilla has a shorter tail, thicker neck, and shorter ears than the long-tailed chinchilla. The domesticated chinchilla is believed to have descended from the long-tailed chinchilla. Description The defining characteristic of a chinchilla is its soft, dense fur. Each hair follicle has between 60 and 80 hairs growing from it. Chinchillas have large dark eyes, rounded ears, long whiskers, and furry 3 to 6-inch tails. Their back legs are more than twice as long as their front legs, making them agile jumpers. While chinchillas appear bulky, most of their size comes from their fur. Wild chinchillas have mottled yellowish gray fur, while domestic animals may be black, white, beige, charcoal, and other colors. The short-tailed chinchilla ranges from 11 to 19 inches in length and weighs between 38 and 50 ounces. The long-tailed chinchilla may reach a length up to 10 inches. Wild long-tailed chinchilla males weigh slightly more than a pound, while females weigh slightly less. Domestic long-tail chinchillas are heavier, with males weighing up to 21 ounces and females weighing up to 28 ounces. Habitat and Distribution At one time, chinchillas lived in the Andes mountains and along the coasts of Bolivia, Argentina, Peru, and Chile. Today, the only wild colonies are found in Chile. Wild chinchillas inhabit cold, dry climates, primarily at elevations between 9,800 and 16,400 feet. They live in rocky crevices or burrows in the ground. Distribution of two chinchilla species in 1986. Amerique_du_Sud.svg: Cephas / Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license Diet Wild chinchillas eat seeds, grasses, and fruit. Although they are considered to be herbivores, they may consume small insects. Domestic chinchillas are usually fed grass and kibble specially formulated for their dietary needs. Chinchillas eat much like squirrels. They hold food in their fore paws, while sitting upright on their hind limbs. domestic chinchilla holding food with arms. olgagorovenko  / Getty Images Behavior Chinchillas live in social groups called herds that consist of 14 to 100 individuals. They are largely nocturnal, so they can avoid hot daytime temperatures. They take dust baths to keep their fur dry and clean. When threatened, a chinchilla may bite, shed fur, or eject a spray of urine. Chinchillas communicate using a wide variety of sounds, which include grunts, barks, squeals, and chirps. Reproduction and Offspring Chinchillas can mate at any time of the year. Gestation is unusually long for a rodent and lasts 111 days. The female may give birth to a litter of up 6 kits, but usually one or two offspring are born. The kits are fully furred and can open their eyes when they are born. Kits are weaned between 6 and 8 weeks of age and sexually mature at 8 months of age. Wild chinchillas may live 10 years, but domestic chinchillas can live over 20 years. Chinchillas are born with fur and open eyes. Icealien / Getty Images Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies the conservation status of both chinchilla species as endangered. As of 2015, researchers estimated 5,350 mature long-tailed chinchillas remained in the wild, but their population was decreasing. As of 2014, two small populations of short-tailed chinchillas remained in the Antofagasta and Atacama regions of northern Chile. However, those populations were also decreasing in size. Threats Hunting and commercial harvesting of chinchillas has been banned since a 1910 treaty between Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. However, once the ban began to be enforced, prices of pelts skyrocketed and poaching brought the chinchilla to the brink of extinction. While poaching continues to be a significant threat to wild chinchillas, they are safer than before because captive chinchillas are bred for fur. Other threats include illegal capture for the pet trade; habitat loss and degradation from mining, firewood collection, fires, and grazing; extreme weather from El Nià ±o; and predation by foxes and owls. Chinchillas and Humans Chinchillas are valued for their fur and as pets. They are also bred for scientific research of the audio system and as model organisms for Chagas disease, pneumonia, and several bacterial diseases. Sources Jimà ©nez, Jaime E. The extirpation and current status of wild chinchillas Chinchilla lanigera and C. brevicaudata. Biological Conservation. 77 (1): 1–6, 1996. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(95)00116-6Patton, James L.; Pardià ±as, Ulyses F. J.; DElà ­a, Guillermo. Rodents. Mammals of South America. 2. University of Chicago Press. pp. 765–768, 2015. ISBN 9780226169576.Roach, N. R. Kennerley. Chinchilla chinchilla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T4651A22191157. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T4651A22191157.enRoach, N. R. Kennerley. Chinchilla lanigera (errata version published in 2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T4652A117975205. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T4652A22190974.enSaunders, Richard. Veterinary Care Of Chinchillas.  In Practice (0263841X)  31.6 (2009): 282–291.  Academic Search Complete.